The hip joint is the joint between the upper end of femur (thigh bone) and the pelvis. It is shaped like a ball (femoral head) in a socket (acetabulum). The ends of these bones (articulating surfaces) are lined by a smooth and tough but elastic layer of hyaline cartilage. When the cartilage gets damaged or eroded by injury, mal-alignment, inflammation or wear or other reasons it leads to pain, loss of movements and deformity. This condition is called arthritis.

In a total hip replacement, these worn out surfaces are replaced by artificial device (prosthesis). The socket is replaced by a hemispherical cup and the head is replaced by a ball shaped surface supported on a stem. The operation alleviates pain, restores movements and results in correction of deformities.

Indications for hip replacement

Hip replacement is done when pain due to arthritis cannot be controlled by other means.

Age of patient

Most of the patients are above the age of 60 years. The advanced age does not preclude surgery in most patients. Management of medical problems and epidural anesthesia make this surgery safer. Joint replacement has proved successful in younger patients. Now-a-days, more and more young patients are opting for joint replacement due to the dramatic improvement afforded by the surgery in their personal, occupational and psychosocial life. Some of these young patients will require a revision surgery at a later date.

Results of hip replacement

The most important benefit of the surgery is the abolition of pain. This permits the patient to perform his routine activities without any limitations. Certain activities may have to be given up e.g., sitting on floor. Contact sports and high impact activities should not be undertaken.

A well done hip replacement generally lasts for about 15 years. This is influenced by the patient's activity level, body weight, etc. among other factors.